As winter approaches and temperatures begin to drop, experts warn that the effects of cold weather on human health extend far beyond common colds. Low temperatures can bring unexpected health impacts—some unusual, others potentially serious.
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Impact on Reproductive Organs
Many men experience a temporary decrease in the size of the penis during cold weather, a phenomenon often referred to as “winter shrinkage.” Doctors explain this as a natural defense mechanism in which blood vessels in the extremities constrict, redirecting blood flow to vital internal organs to preserve body heat.
Risk of Frostbite
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, frostbite commonly affects areas such as the nose, ears, cheeks, chin, fingers, and toes. The condition typically occurs at temperatures of –0.55°C or below.
Early symptoms include coldness and pain, followed by numbness and whitening of the skin. With continued exposure, frostbite may progress from mild to deep damage, potentially affecting tendons, muscles, nerves, and bones.
Higher Risk of Blood Clots
Cold temperatures increase blood viscosity, raising the risk of blood clots. This explains the rise in heart attacks and strokes reported after severe cold spells.
Health experts recommend keeping indoor temperatures at no less than 18°C and staying active by moving fingers, toes, and limbs regularly to improve circulation.
Respiratory Problems
Breathing cold air can increase the risk of chest infections. Asthma + Lung UK reports that cold air narrows airways, increases mucus production, and can trigger wheezing, coughing, and breathing difficulties—particularly in people with respiratory conditions.
Weakened Immunity
Exposure to cold weather may reduce the body’s ability to fight infections, contributing to a rise in deaths from pneumonia and other infectious illnesses during harsh winter conditions.
Increased Joint Pain
Studies from Johns Hopkins Medicine indicate that cold temperatures and low atmospheric pressure can worsen joint pain, particularly among individuals with arthritis. These weather changes can increase stiffness and sensitivity in affected joints.
Preventive Tips
Doctors advise keeping homes heated to at least 18°C, avoiding prolonged exposure to cold air, staying physically active, and paying attention to any unusual symptoms during cold waves—especially for individuals with existing health conditions.
