Numerous studies have shown that regular smoking has significant adverse effects on health, particularly on blood pressure. This habit can cause elevated blood pressure both in the short and long term, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and other health problems.
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How does this happen?
When tobacco is smoked, the body is exposed to more than 7,000 chemicals that can affect circulation and blood pressure. Many people experience immediate and intense effects from these substances, meaning that even the first puff can cause a sudden spike in blood pressure.
Smoking just one cigarette can cause a sharp increase in blood pressure of up to 20 mmHg for about 30 minutes.
One of the most harmful substances in tobacco is nicotine, which directly affects the nervous system. It triggers feelings of pleasure and stimulates the release of norepinephrine, causing blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to rise.
Burning tobacco also releases carbon monoxide into the lungs and bloodstream. These molecules bind strongly to red blood cells, reducing oxygen levels in the blood. To compensate, the heart beats faster, which further elevates blood pressure.
Smoking also releases substances like hydrogen peroxide, quinones, cadmium, and nickel, which disrupt the balance between harmful free radicals and beneficial antioxidants—a condition known as oxidative stress. Elevated free radicals can damage blood vessels, causing them to stiffen and narrow, contributing to higher blood pressure.
Risk increases with the duration of smoking
Studies indicate that cigarette smoking, regardless of other risk factors, raises the risk of hypertension by up to 30%. Both the duration and intensity of smoking are key factors. A 2020 study of over 7,000 adults found that the most significant increase in blood pressure occurred after five years of smoking.
Long-term high blood pressure can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases
Over time, smoking can cause persistent high blood pressure due to vascular damage and arterial stiffness. This increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. According to a 2020 study published in JAMA Cardiology, every 10 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure raises the risk of cardiovascular disease by 53%.
— Agencies
