Bronchitis is a respiratory condition that becomes more common during winter. It occurs when the bronchi, the airways that carry air to the lungs, become inflamed and swollen, leading to persistent coughing and mucus production.
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Types of Bronchitis
Acute Bronchitis:
Also called a “chest cold.”
Most common type.
Symptoms last a few weeks and usually resolve without long-term issues.
Chronic Bronchitis:
More severe, recurring or persistent inflammation of the bronchial lining.
Part of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Cough lasts at least three months.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of both acute and chronic bronchitis include:
Chest congestion or fullness
Cough with clear, white, yellow, or green mucus
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Acute bronchitis may also cause:
Body aches and chills
Fatigue
Low-grade fever
Runny or congested nose
Sore throat
Persistent cough after other symptoms subside may indicate ongoing irritation, or an underlying issue like COVID-19.
Causes
Acute bronchitis is usually caused by the same viruses that cause colds or flu.
Bacterial infections can also trigger bronchitis.
Chronic bronchitis is commonly caused by:
Long-term exposure to air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust
Smoking or inhaling secondhand smoke
E-cigarette use
Contagion
Bronchitis itself is not contagious, but the viruses or bacteria causing it can spread to others.
Risk Factors
Smoking
Asthma or allergies
Weak immune system
Infants and the elderly
Acid reflux
Family history of lung disease
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical advice if cough is accompanied by:
Blood or thick, dark mucus
Interference with sleep
Duration over three weeks
Chest pain
Barking cough or difficulty speaking
Unexplained weight loss
Treatment
Acute bronchitis often resolves on its own.
Bacterial bronchitis may require antibiotics.
Asthma or wheezing may be treated with an inhaler.
Home Remedies:
Drink 8–12 cups of water daily to thin mucus
Rest adequately
Use over-the-counter pain relievers (avoid aspirin for children)
Use a humidifier or steam; hot showers can ease congestion
Take OTC cough medicines
Prevention
Avoid smoking
Get pneumonia and flu vaccines
Wash hands frequently; use alcohol-based sanitizer
Wear a mask around sick individuals or in dusty environments
Bronchitis can often be managed with rest, hydration, and preventive measures, while chronic cases may require long-term medical care.
