Two U.S.-based studies have identified a potential link between the use of semaglutide or tirzepatide (marketed as Ozempic/Wegovy and Mounjaro/Zepbound) and an increased risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and other optic nerve disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it’s important to note that the absolute risk remains low.
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In June 2025, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) concluded that NAION is a “very rare” side effect of semaglutide—occurring in up to 1 in 10,000 users.
These findings are based on observational data, which do not establish causation, and some studies have not found statistically significant increases. For this reason, experts recommend regular visual monitoring, not the arbitrary discontinuation of these medications.
