Dry skin is a common skin problem that can be temporary and quickly improve, or it may develop into a chronic and bothersome condition affecting quality of life. So, what causes dry skin? And how can it be effectively managed to avoid complications?
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What is Dry Skin?
Dry skin is a condition where the skin loses its natural moisture and oils that keep it soft and flexible, leading to itching, cracking, and sometimes irritation. Dryness may result from environmental factors, daily habits, or be a symptom of chronic diseases such as diabetes.
Causes of Dry Skin
The causes of dry skin are varied, including both external and internal factors:
Daily Habits: Excessive bathing, using hot water, harsh cleansing of the skin, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and frequent vigorous towel drying.
Environment: Living in cold and dry climates or using central heating systems that reduce humidity in the air.
Chronic Diseases: Such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, contact dermatitis, and poor nutrition.
Medications: Especially diuretics that may affect skin moisture.
Symptoms of Dry Skin
Symptoms include:
Persistent and noticeable itching, especially on arms and legs.
Redness and appearance of cracks or peeling skin.
Skin stiffness, particularly after bathing.
White flakes and sensitivity in affected areas.
When to See a Doctor?
It is recommended to consult a dermatologist if symptoms persist for more than a few weeks, dryness worsens despite using moisturizers, fluids or sores appear, or an unusual rash develops—these may indicate bacterial or fungal infection requiring specialized treatment.
Treatment and Prevention of Dry Skin
Simple daily treatments include:
Reducing the duration and frequency of baths, using lukewarm instead of hot water.
Gently patting the skin dry instead of rubbing.
Using medical soaps free of fragrances and alcohol.
Applying oil-based moisturizers to retain moisture.
Drinking enough water and using humidifiers in dry environments.
Avoiding prolonged direct sun exposure and using sunscreen.
Wearing cotton clothes and avoiding wool or rough fabrics.
In cases of severe itching, doctors may prescribe corticosteroid creams or antibiotics for skin cracks.
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