A recent study indicates that autism is not a uniform condition as previously thought, but rather a collection of disorders with diverse genetic and developmental origins, varying depending on the age at diagnosis. Children diagnosed in early childhood show different developmental and behavioral patterns compared to those identified later in late childhood or adolescence.
اضافة اعلان
According to a report published on Medscape, based on research in the journal Nature, Cambridge University researchers analyzed data from thousands of individuals worldwide. Their findings suggest that the timing of diagnosis reflects not only the severity of the condition but is also associated with distinct genetic features and developmental pathways.
Clear Differences Between Early and Late Diagnosis
The study showed that children diagnosed with autism before the age of seven often experienced delays in motor and language development, as well as significant cognitive and behavioral challenges. In contrast, those diagnosed later were more likely to have comorbid psychiatric conditions such as ADHD and depression but did not display early developmental issues.
This suggests that early-onset autism may be linked to rare, influential genetic factors, while late-onset autism appears to be influenced by a combination of genetic, social, and environmental factors.
Distinct Genetic Signatures
Genetic analysis revealed a striking pattern: individuals with early-diagnosed autism carried rare mutations in specific genes important for brain development. Those diagnosed later exhibited genetic patterns closer to those associated with higher educational abilities and disorders like depression or post-traumatic stress.
Scientists emphasize that the age at diagnosis may itself represent a genetic trait, not just a reflection of behavioral differences or access to medical care.
A New Perspective on Autism Classification
Dr. Varun Warrier of Cambridge University noted that understanding these differences enables doctors to develop more precise diagnostic methods and provide tailored support for each group. Early-diagnosed autism requires intensive developmental and behavioral interventions, while late-diagnosed autism necessitates broader psychological and social care.
Psychologists suggest that autism may not be a single disorder but a broad spectrum of subtypes with distinct genetic and environmental influences and developmental trajectories. Cognitive development expert Dr. Uta Frith explained that these findings “open the door to a new understanding, viewing autism as a collection of differentiated conditions, each with its own characteristics.”
Researchers caution against overgeneralizing the results, highlighting the impact of culture, healthcare access, and family environment on diagnosis timing and accuracy. They also stress the need for studies on more geographically and culturally diverse populations to better understand gene-behavior relationships.
The study concludes by calling for an expanded concept of autism—from a single disorder to a range of neurological patterns—emphasizing that recognizing this diversity is the first step toward more humane and precise diagnosis and treatment.
