Nails are not just a cosmetic detail; they are a vital part of the body that reflects our overall health. Regular care not only keeps them attractive but also protects us from infections and diseases.
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Structure and Function of Nails
Nails are hard, transparent plates made primarily of a strong protein called keratin (the same protein found in hair and skin). They grow from a matrix located beneath the skin at the nail’s base.
Main functions of nails include:
Protection: Shielding sensitive fingertips from daily injuries and trauma.
Support: Providing reinforcement to soft tissues of the fingertips, enhancing touch sensitivity and grip for fine objects.
Health indicator: Changes in nail color, shape, or texture can signal internal health issues such as vitamin deficiencies or liver and kidney problems.
Basic Nail Care Rules for Healthy Nails
For strong, shiny nails, follow a simple and consistent care routine:
Moisturize regularly
Just like skin, nails and surrounding cuticles need hydration. Use cuticle oil or petroleum jelly to massage around the nail daily. This prevents dryness, cracks, and hangnails.
Trim and file properly
Trimming: Cut nails straight across, then round off the corners slightly to prevent ingrown nails.
Filing: Use a high-quality nail file and file in one direction only. Avoid sawing back and forth, as it weakens and breaks nails.
Protect from chemicals
When doing household chores involving water or strong cleaners (like dishwashing or scrubbing), wear protective gloves. Excessive exposure to water and soap causes nail dryness and peeling.
Avoid sharp tools and excessive cutting
Do not cut the cuticles — they act as a natural barrier against bacteria. Instead, gently push them back after softening.
Never use your nails as tools for opening cans or scratching surfaces.
Nutrition and Nail Strength
Healthy nails start from within. Certain nutrients are essential for keratin growth and nail strength:
Biotin (Vitamin B7): Strengthens nails and reduces brittleness. Found in eggs, nuts, and whole grains.
Protein: Since nails are made of keratin, sufficient protein intake (meat, legumes, fish) is vital.
Iron and Zinc: Iron deficiency can cause spoon-shaped nails, while zinc deficiency may lead to small white spots. Include leafy greens, red meat, and seeds in your diet.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a dermatologist if you notice persistent, unusual nail changes such as:
Sudden discoloration (dark yellow or black spots).
Severe cracking or brittleness unresponsive to care.
Shape changes (tiny pits, or separation from the nail bed).
Redness and swelling around the nail, which may indicate infection.
