Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders among older adults. It is not limited to difficulty falling asleep but also includes frequent awakenings and a general feeling of discomfort. While some people experience insomnia in their youth, its prevalence increases with age, posing a significant challenge to daily life.
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Causes of Insomnia in Older Adults
According to a report by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the prevalence of insomnia rises significantly after the age of 60 due to several factors:
Changes in Sleep Structure: As people age, the amount of deep sleep and REM sleep decreases, making sleep lighter and increasing the likelihood of waking up frequently.
Chronic Conditions: Insomnia can be associated with health issues such as heart disease or depression.
Certain Medications: Some medications prescribed for older adults may exacerbate sleep problems.
Weakened Biological Rhythm: A disrupted circadian rhythm can interfere with the sleep-wake cycle.
Diagnosing Insomnia
Insomnia is more than just insufficient sleep; it is diagnosed based on specific criteria. Symptoms must include persistent difficulty falling asleep, early awakening, or daytime sleepiness and impaired attention. If these symptoms persist for more than three months at a frequency of at least three times per week, insomnia is considered chronic.
Treatment Methods
Non-pharmacological treatments are preferred as a first approach, focusing on behavioral changes to improve sleep quality:
Improving Sleep Environment: Ensuring a quiet, dark room with a comfortable temperature.
Behavioral Therapy: Addressing negative thoughts related to sleep.
Sleep Restriction: Reducing time spent in bed to increase actual sleep efficiency.
Light Therapy: Used to delay sleep onset for those who fall asleep too early.
If these methods fail, a doctor may prescribe sleep-promoting medications, which must be used cautiously and under medical supervision, especially when other conditions such as sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome are present.
