Many people are feeling worn out from illness as various diseases circulate. The emergence of a new flu variant combined with declining vaccination rates could lead to a severe flu season, similar to last year—or potentially worse.
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What should you do?
Dr. Liana Wynn, a CNN health expert, emergency physician, and clinical assistant professor at George Washington University, explains that several factors contribute to this seasonal pattern. Cold weather encourages people to spend more time indoors, limiting ventilation as windows remain closed, and promoting gatherings in schools, workplaces, and during holidays—creating ideal conditions for virus spread.
Secondly, dry air helps respiratory viruses survive longer in the environment. Studies show that some viral particles can remain airborne for extended periods and maintain their infectious potential when humidity is low, which is common during winter months.
Thirdly, travel adds another significant factor. Airports, airplanes, buses, and family gatherings bring together large numbers of people from different locations. When viruses are circulating, travel and holiday events can accelerate transmission, especially if people move from one gathering to another unaware that they may carry the virus.
Dr. Wynn notes that there is no guaranteed way to avoid infection, but steps can reduce your risk. Vaccination is among the most effective measures for lowering the severity of illness. Flu, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines for eligible individuals help reduce the risk of hospitalization and serious complications, according to CNN Arabic.
Hand hygiene is also essential. Good practices include washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using shared public spaces, after coughing or sneezing, and before eating, to prevent viruses from transferring from surfaces to the mouth, nose, or eyes. When soap and water are unavailable, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer is a suitable alternative.
In crowded settings, a properly fitting N95 or equivalent mask can provide an extra layer of protection. This is particularly important for high-risk individuals, such as those over 65, people with chronic conditions like diabetes or lung disease, or those with weakened immune systems.
Improving ventilation can also help. Opening windows when possible, using fans to enhance airflow, or employing a portable HEPA filter can reduce the concentration of airborne viruses. These strategies are especially useful during indoor gatherings.
Finally, if you are sick, stay home. Reschedule holiday meals or gift exchanges for another day. One of the most effective ways to prevent transmission is for sick individuals to avoid exposing others while infectious. Most respiratory infections can be safely managed at home: rest and drink plenty of fluids, especially if you have a fever or congestion, as dehydration can worsen symptoms like headache and fatigue.
Testing can be helpful in some cases. Eligible individuals may benefit from antiviral medications if infected with COVID-19 or the flu, so testing as soon as symptoms appear is important. Influenza and COVID-19 tests—either individually or combined—are widely available over the counter.
According to Dr. Wynn, emergency care becomes necessary when symptoms indicate serious complications or breathing difficulties. Warning signs include:
Difficulty breathing
Chest pain
Severe dehydration
Inability to stay awake
Bluish lips or face
Rapidly worsening symptoms
For infants, additional red flags include:
Difficulty feeding
Fewer wet diapers
Rapid or labored breathing
Unusual drowsiness
If you are unsure but concerned about someone’s breathing or alertness, it is safest to seek emergency care immediately.
