A new study published in The BMJ has revealed a concerning link between low-calorie diets and an increased risk of depression symptoms, particularly among individuals who are overweight or obese.
اضافة اعلان
The research analyzed data from over 28,000 participants in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. Depression severity was assessed using a validated health questionnaire.
Diet and Mental Health
Scientific literature has long supported the idea that diets rich in whole foods—such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins—are associated with a lower risk of depression. In contrast, diets high in processed foods, fried items, and sweets are linked to a higher likelihood of developing depressive symptoms.
However, this recent study focused specifically on restrictive diets, whether in terms of calorie intake or nutrient composition. Researchers found that participants who followed low-calorie diets reported higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to those who did not follow any diet.
Among overweight individuals, those on a calorie-restricted diet saw a 0.46-point increase in depressive symptom scores, while those on nutrient-restricted diets experienced a 0.61-point increase.
Gender Differences in Impact
The study also revealed notable gender differences in how restrictive diets affected mental health. For example:
Nutrient-restricted diets were associated with greater emotional and cognitive symptoms in men than in women.
All participants who followed any form of restricted diet experienced increased physical symptoms like anxiety and tension, particularly obese males.
Researchers suggest these effects may stem from the brain's need for essential nutrients like glucose and omega-3 fatty acids. When diets limit these, especially in people with higher nutritional needs, mood and cognitive function may suffer.
Limitations and Cautions
Despite these findings, lead researcher Sumantra Ray emphasized that the results are observational and do not prove causation.
While clinical trials have shown improvements in mood with calorie restriction under controlled conditions, real-life dieting can lead to nutrient deficiencies that negatively affect both physical and mental well-being.
Final Recommendations
The study urges caution when adopting restrictive diets, particularly for those with overweight or obesity. Consulting with registered dietitians or healthcare professionals is strongly recommended to ensure any diet plan remains balanced and nutritionally adequate, supporting both physical and mental health.
