The energy and mineral sector in Jordan has witnessed significant development since independence, topping the priorities of His Majesty King Abdullah II since assuming his constitutional powers, with the objective of bolstering the Kingdom’s independence and energy security.
اضافة اعلان
This royal interest has materialized through reducing reliance on imports, diversifying generation sources, promoting investment in the mining and alternative energy sectors, and increasing the contribution of domestic sources to the total energy mix. These efforts aim to lessen dependency on foreign energy sources and enhance national independence and energy security.
Jordan has worked to integrate renewable energy into its energy and electricity mix, which has contributed over the past two decades to lowering energy costs for the national economy. Consequently, the country’s energy import dependency decreased from 94% in 2000 to approximately 74%.
According to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the contribution of renewable energy projects to the electricity generation mix reached 26% by the end of 2025, compared to no more than 0.5% at the end of 2014—representing a success story credited to Jordan regionally and globally.
The installed capacity of renewable energy projects connected to the grid rose to approximately 2,986.23 megawatts (923 MW solar and 622.35 MW wind) by the end of 2025. This includes 1.5 gigawatts from commercial projects and 1.4 gigawatts from net metering, wheeling, and value-based systems.
According to the Ministry, the Jordanian electrical grid has been synchronously interconnected with the Egyptian grid since 1999 and with the Palestinian grid since 2008. Furthermore, the construction of the interconnection line to supply Iraq was completed in 2023, linking the Risha station in Jordan with the Rutba station in Iraq.
The Arab Gas Pipeline was also established, with Egyptian gas supplies first reaching the Aqaba Thermal Power Station in July 2003, followed by the Samra and Rehab stations in February 2006. The pipeline section extending from Rehab to the Jordanian-Syrian border was completed in March 2008 to connect with the Arab Gas Pipeline inside Syrian territory, facilitating the export of Egyptian gas to Syria and Lebanon via Jordan.
The Ministry indicated that the number of natural gas supply sources increased from a single source in 2004 (Egyptian gas) to four distinct sources by the end of 2021 (domestic Risha gas, Egyptian gas, the Liquefied Natural Gas terminal, and Northern gas).
Regarding petroleum products, efforts to liberalize the oil derivatives market began in 2013, resulting in the licensing of three marketing companies, whereas the Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company had previously held a monopoly over refining and distribution in the local market.
In 2015, the Jordan Oil Terminals Company (JOTC) was established to manage and operate petroleum facilities for the storage of oil derivatives.
The Ministry has implemented numerous projects to augment operational and strategic storage capacities within the Kingdom. Between 2000 and 2024, storage capacities expanded for Octane 95 gasoline from 20,000 to 42,000 tons, for Octane 90 gasoline from 210,000 to 340,000 tons, for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) from 27,000 to 49,000 tons, and for diesel from 320,000 to 480,000 tons.
Furthermore, stock sufficiency days were extended to exceed 60 days for Octane 90 and 95 gasoline and diesel, and up to 38 days for LPG as of 2024.
The National Petroleum Company (NPC) is executing a development plan for the Risha field, which includes a turnkey project to drill 80 new wells in the gas field at a total cost of $174 million over a four-year period. This aligns with the government's strategic objectives to achieve self-sufficiency in locally produced natural gas and curb reliance on foreign gas imports.
The plan aims to boost natural gas production by leveraging the NPC's self-generated resources. The government will provide financial support worth 87 million Jordanian dinars to the company to accelerate the development plan, targeting a production level of 418 million cubic feet per day by 2029.
By the end of 2025, the capacity of the Risha gas field was raised to 80 million cubic feet per day, compared to 27 million cubic feet per day in 2020.
The Ministry confirmed that the NPC is currently taking all necessary measures to commence the implementation of a gas pipeline connecting the Risha field to the Arab Gas Pipeline, enabling the transport of this production to consumption sites across all regions of the Kingdom.
Daily oil production from the Hamza oil field reached 70 barrels per day by the end of 2024, up from 8 barrels per day in 2000.
The Ministry notes that oil shale's contribution to the electricity mix increased after the commissioning of the first unit of the direct-burning oil shale power plant, with oil shale accounting for 15% of electricity generation by the end of 2025.
In 2001, the Electricity Regulatory Commission was established to serve as a supervisory body. In 2014, under the Restructuring of Government Institutions and Departments Law, it was renamed the Energy and Minerals Regulatory Commission (EMRC) to regulate the Kingdom's energy and mineral sector.
The Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Fund (JREEEF) was also established in early 2015 to raise awareness about the importance of energy efficiency and promote renewable energy utilization through a suite of programs and projects spanning all sectors.
Additionally, the Directorate of Energy Efficiency and Climate Change was established in 2025 to achieve the Ministry's policy of improving energy efficiency across all sectors, formulating and monitoring national energy efficiency plans, implementing exemption packages for energy-efficient and renewable energy appliances, and drawing up policies and executive plans to meet national commitments toward climate change challenges in the energy sector.
In the field of green hydrogen, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, in cooperation with the Jordanian-German Energy Partnership and the Netherlands Enterprise Agency, prepared a green hydrogen roadmap for Jordan.
The Ministry, in cooperation with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), also drafted the National Green Hydrogen Strategy to create an enabling environment for investment in this sector.
Furthermore, in collaboration with the World Bank, a study on the regulatory framework for green hydrogen was conducted. This involved developing a supportive legislative environment, amending the General Electricity Law, and enacting the Gas Law, thereby allowing developers to construct and own private transmission lines and gas pipelines to transport energy.
Working with relevant partners and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the Ministry is developing a business model to prepare a feasibility study for a shared infrastructure for green hydrogen projects. This aims to lower capital costs and promote fair and efficient infrastructure sharing among developers.
The Ministry is also collaborating with several local and international investors to develop and execute green hydrogen and derivative projects in the Kingdom, reinforcing Jordan's position as a regional hub for clean energy and green investments. An investment agreement was recently signed with the Jordan Green Ammonia Company to proceed with its project to produce 100,000 tons of green ammonia annually for export, with production expected to commence in 2030.
Jordan's mining sector has experienced massive advancements over the past 20 years. Jordan possesses vast reserves of phosphate and potash raw materials, which form a substantial part of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and national exports, representing core pillars of the industrial sector. Over the past two decades, the government has supported and advanced the mining sector by conducting exploratory studies and searching for mineral ores abundant in the Kingdom. The Ministry has launched multiple exploration programs for copper and gold ores, alongside searches for industrial rocks.
The Ministry highlighted the top achievements in the mining sector, which include: formulating a national mining strategy, launching an electronic platform for investment opportunities in the mining sector, reviewing mining legislation, encouraging investment in national mineral wealth, and initiating a national exploration and drilling program for mineral ores.
Recently, the National Assembly ratified the executive agreement for the copper project in Wadi Abu Khusheiba.
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